History of Austria - Wikipedia. The history of Austria covers the history of Austria and its predecessor states, from the early Stone Age to the present state.

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The name Ostarrîchi (Austria) has been in use since 9. AD when it was a margravate of the Duchy of Bavaria and from 1. Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation (Heiliges Römisches Reich 9.

Austria was dominated by the House of Habsburg (Haus Österreich) from 1. Holy Roman Empire came to an end. Austria then became the Austrian Empire, a part of the German Confederation until the Austro- Prussian War of 1. Austria lost and was subsequently excluded from German affairs.

Martyred bishop of Lorch. He was born at Cilli, modem Steiermark, in Styria, Austria, and disposed of his wealth to make a pilgrimage to Rome. Pope Sixtus II sent him.

In 1. 86. 7 Austria formed with Hungary as a dual monarchy the Austro- Hungarian Empire (1. When this empire collapsed after the end of World War I in 1.

Austria was reduced to the main German speaking areas of the empire (its current frontiers), and adopted the name The Republic of German- Austria, with hope of joining the new German Weimar Republic. However the union and name were forbidden by the Allies at the Treaty of Versailles. This led to the creation of the First Austrian Republic (1. Following the First Republic, Austrofascism tried to keep Austria independent from the German Reich. Engelbert Dollfuss accepted that Austrians were Germans but wanted Austria to remain independent from a largely Protestant Germany. In 1. 93. 8 Austrian- born Adolf Hitler annexed Austria to the German Reich with the Anschluss, which was supported by a large majority of the Austrian people.[1][2] After the Second World War Austria again became an independent republic as the Second Republic in 1. European Union in 1.

Historiography[edit]The history of Austria raises a number of questions. Should it be confined to the current Republic of Austria, or to all lands formerly ruled by the rulers of Austria? Watch Werewolf: The Beast Among Us Online Free 2016. Should Austrian history include 1.

Of the lands now part of modern Austria, many were added over time – only two of the nine provinces or Länder (Lower Austria and Upper Austria) are strictly 'Austria', while other parts are now part of countries like Italy or the Czech Republic. Within Austria there are large regional variations, and parts of Austria have at various times wished to become part of adjacent countries. Overview[edit]Human habitation of current Austria can be traced back to the first farming communities of the early Stone Age (Paleolithic era). In the late Iron Age it was occupied by a Celtic culture (c. BC), the first organised nation state being the Celtic Kingdom of Noricum dating from c. BC. At the end of the 1st century BC this became part of the Roman Empire's lands to the south of the Danube, and was incorporated as the Province of Noricum around 4. AD. The most important Roman settlement was at Carnuntum.

In the 6th century, another Germanic people, the Bavarii occupied these lands until it fell to the Frankish Empire in the 9th century. Around 8. 00 AD Charlemagne established the outpost of Avar March (Awarenmark) in what is now Lower Austria, to hold back advances from Slavs and Avars. In the 1. 0th century an eastern (east of the River Enns) outpost of the Duchy of Bavaria, bordering Hungary, was established as the Marchia orientalis (March of the East) or 'Margraviate of Austria' in 9. Margraves of Babenberg.

This 'Eastern March' (borderland), in German was known as Ostarrîchi or 'Eastern Realm', hence 'Austria'. The first mention of Ostarrîchi occurs in a document of that name dated 9. CE. From 1. 15. 6 the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa created an independent duchy (Privilegium Minus) under the House of Babenberg, until its extinction in 1. Lower Austria. Following the Babenberg dynasty and a brief interregnum, Austria came under the rule of the German king. Rudolf I of Habsburg (1.

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Bavaria, within the Holy Roman Empire. The 1. 5th and early 1. Habsburg territories through diplomacy and marriages to include Spain, the Netherlands and parts of Italy.

This expansionism, together with French aspirations and the resultant Habsburg- French or Bourbon- Habsburg rivalry were important factors shaping European History for 2. By the Edict of Worms (Wormser Vertrag) of 2. April 1. 52. 1, the Emperor Charles V (Archduke of Austria 1. Austrian lands (Österreichische Länder) on his brother, Ferdinand I (1. By 1. 52. 6 Ferdinand had also inherited the kingdoms of Bohemia, and Hungary after the Battle of Mohács which partitioned the latter. However the Ottoman Empire now lay directly adjacent to the Austrian lands.

Even after the unsuccessful first Siege of Vienna by the Turks in 1. Ottoman threat persisted for another one and a half centuries. The 1. 6th Century also saw the spread of the Reformation. From around 1. 60.

Habsburg policy of recatholicisation or Catholic Renewal (Rekatholisierung) eventually led to the Thirty Years' War (1. Originally a religious war, it was also a struggle for power in central Europe, particularly the French opposition to the Habsburg Holy Roman Empire. Eventually the pressure of the anti- Habsburg coalition of France, Sweden, and most Protestant German states contained their authority to the Austrian and Czech lands in 1. In 1. 68. 3, the Ottoman forces were beaten back from Vienna a second time and eventually, in the Great Turkish War (1.

Belgrade. When the main (Spanish) line of the Habsburgs died out in 1. War of Spanish Succession (1. Habsburgs and King Louis XIV of France. Subsequently, Austria gained control, through the 1. Treaty of Utrecht, of the Spanish Netherlands, Naples and Lombardy.

These acquisitions together with conquests in the Balkans gave Austria its greatest territorial extent to date. Pragmatic Sanction, designed to prevent any further division of the territory. But when Charles VI (Archduke 1. Maria Theresa (1. Austria was perceived as weak, leading to the War of Austrian Succession (1. Seven Years' War (1. Subsequently, Austria lost Silesia to Prussia.

Austria also lost prior conquests from the Ottomans except Banat of Temeswar and Syrmia in the Austro- Russian–Turkish War despite being allied with Russia. These Silesian Wars initiated a long- standing tension between Austria and Prussia. Maria Theresa effectively reigned as Empress through her husband, Francis Stephen of Lorraine (d.

Habsburg- Lorraine. During her reign extensive reforms were initiated, and when Francis died in 1. Watch Rough Night Full Movie more. Joseph II (Emperor 1. Archduke 1. 78. 0–1. However his successor, his brother, Leopold II (1.

The next emperor, his son Francis II (1. France in the First (1.

Second Coalition Wars (1. Napoleonic Wars (1. Austria lost further territory.

Following further Austrian losses in the Third Coalition War (1. Hapsburg Empire looked increasingly uncertain. Napoleon I had declared himself Emperor of France in May 1. Holy Roman Empire, and looked to be assuming the title of emperor too, as a second Charlemagne.[4][5] Francis II responded by proclaiming the Empire of Austria in August, taking the new title of Emperor.

In 1. 80. 6, having held both titles in the interim, he resigned the imperial crown of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, which then ceased to exist. Following the Congress of Vienna, Austria became part of the German Confederation till the Austro- Prussian war of 1. In the 1. 9th century nationalist movements within the empire became increasingly evident, and the German element became increasingly weakened. With Austria's expulsion from the Confederation and the 1. Dual Monarchy with Hungary was created by the Austro- Hungarian Compromise in 1. This succeeded in reducing but not removing nationalist tensions, which were to boil over with the 1.

Austrian heir to the throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo, and the ensuing chain reaction resulting in the First World War. The losses of the war resulted in the collapse of the empire and dynasty in 1. The non- German ethnic groups broke away leaving Austria's current boundaries as German Austria, which was proclaimed an independent republic.